Chapter 3: Doctors need to “unlearn” nutrition

Page 49
“to do this effectively”
J.L. Turton et al. ” Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review,” PLoS One 13 (3) (2018): e0194987.
 
“message in public in”
R.H. Lustig. “Sugar: The Bitter Truth”. UCSF Mini-Med School for the Public. (San Diego: UCTV, 2009).
 
“National Bureau of Economic Research put it to the test”
P. Azoulay et al. “Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time?,” Am. Econ. Rev. 109 (8) (2019): 2889.
 
Page 50
“In 2011, Gary Taubes”
G. Taubes.  “Is Sugar Toxic?” New York Times Magazine, April 17, 2011.
 
“truth about sugar”
R.H. Lustig et al. “The Toxic Truth About Sugar,” Nature 487 (5) (2012): 27.
 
“Joslin Diabetes Center CEO Ron Kahn the question”
C.R. Kahn. Can Eating Too Much Sugar Cause My Diabetes? : WebMD, 2015.
 
Page 51
“while glucose stimulates it”
S. Softic et al. “Dietary Sugars Alter Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation Via Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Proteins,” Cell Metab. 30 (4) (2019): 735.
 
“whole body metabolism: C.R. Kahn.”
C.R. Kahn.  “High-Fructose and High-Fat Diet Damages Liver Mitochondria.” Science Daily. Oct 1, 2019.
 
“while glucose stimulates it”
S. Softic et al. “Dietary Sugars Alter Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation Via Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Proteins,” Cell Metab. 30 (4) (2019): 735.
 
“whole body metabolism: C.R. Kahn.”
C.R. Kahn.  “High-Fructose and High-Fat Diet Damages Liver Mitochondria.” Science Daily. Oct 1, 2019.
 
Page 52
“meat was bad for health”
B.C. Johnston et al. “Unprocessed Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption: Dietary Guideline Recommendations from the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) Consortium,” Ann. Intern. Med., 172 (9) (2019): 639.
 
“even published”
R. Rubin. “Backlash over Meat Dietary Recommendations Raises Questions About Corporate Ties to Nutrition Scientists,” JAMA, 323 (5) (2020): 401.
 
“pre-publication retraction” 
D.L. Katz. Letter to Christine Laine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Sept 26, 2019.
 
“potential reckless endangerment”
Associated Press. “Physicians Group Requests PA District Attorney Investigate Medical Journal’s ‘Potential Reckless Endangerment,” AP News, Oct 30, 2019.
 
“Federal Trade Commission”
N.D. Barnard. “Physicians Group Files Federal Petition against Annals of Internal Medicine over False Red Meat Claim,” Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Sept 30, 2019.
 
“information terrorism”
D.L. Katz.  “Preventive Medicine: Processed Meats and the Great Debacle of Public Health.” New Haven Register, Oct 6, 2019.
 
“front group for the food industry”
T. Parker-Pope and A. O’Connor.  “Scientist Who Discredited Meat Guidelines Didn’t Report Past Food Industry Ties.” New York Times, Oct 4, 2019.
 
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“corporate interests”
J.D. Grant and D.J.A. Jenkins. “Resisting Influence from Agri-Food Industries on Canada’s New Food Guide,” CMAJ 190 (2018): E451.
 
Page 54
“a war on sugar: is it justified?”
S. Dubner. “There’s a War on Sugar. Is It Justified?” In Freakonomics, (Washington, DC: American Public Media), Apr 26, 2017.
 
Page 55
“obesity and diabetes”
R. Kahn and J.L. Sievenpiper. “Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? We Have, but the Pox on Sugar Is Overwrought and Overworked,” Diab. Care 37 (4) (2014): 957.
 
“American Beverage Association”
American Beverage Association, California Retailers Association  v. The City and County of San Francisco. (Sacramento, 2016).
 
“many nutritional studies”
D. Schillinger et al. “Do Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Cause Obesity and Diabetes? Industry and the Manufacture of Scientific Controversy,” Ann. Intern. Med. 165 (12) (2016): 895.
 
“viable option for some diabetics”
American Diabetes Association. “Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019,” Diab. Care 42 Suppl 1 (2019): S7.
 
“diabetes if you are overweight”
Diabetes U.K. “Does Sugar Cause Diabetes?”.
 
“pound contribution from Britvic”
Diabetes.co.uk  “Diabetes U.K. Defends Sponsorship Deal with Britvic”
 
“could save lives and money”
B. Hirschler.  “Diabetes Experts Tell G20 to Tax Sugar to Save Lives and Money,” Reuters, Nov 11, 2015.
 
Page 56

“the American Medical Association to Sunbeam”

J. Mattos.  “The AMA Seal of Approval.” Time, Aug 13, 1997.
 

“and the ADA to”

M. Santora.  “In Diabetes Fight, Raising Cash and Keeping Trust.” New York Times, Nov 25, 2006.
 

“with $182 million in annual revenues”

American Diabetes Association. 
 

“of which 40 percent come from pharmaceutical corporate donations”

ADA Annual Report. All in for Life – ADA (2019).
 

“thereby increasing the market”

J.J. Neumiller et al. “Evidence Supports Prediabetes Treatment,” Science 364 (2019): 341.
 

“the cost of insulin tripled”

J. Mitchell.  “Why Has the Cost of Insulin Skyrocketed? Officials Seek Answers.” Cal Health Report, Feb 1, 2018.
 

“extensive ties with industry, receiving a median”

R. Moynihan et al. “Financial Ties between Leaders of Influential US Professional Medical Associations and Industry: Cross Sectional Study,” BMJ 369 (2020): m1505.
 
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“ADA, for example”

American Diabetes Association Corporate Sponsors. 
 

“your privileges”

J. Levine. “The Pros and Cons of Rating Doctors,” AARP Bulletin (2010).
 
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“spent in class”

V. Mogre et al. “Why Nutrition Education Is Inadequate in the Medical Curriculum: A Qualitative Study of Students’ Perspectives on Barriers and Strategies,” BMC Med. Educ. 18  (2018): 26.
 

“around the globe”

J. Crowley et al. “Nutrition in Medical Education: A Systematic Review,” Lancet Planetary Health 3   (2019): E379.
 

“fraught with controversy”

A. Satija et al. “Understanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its Role in Policy,” Adv. Nutr. 6 (1)  (2015): 5.
 

“curtail nutritional research”

J.P.A. Ioannidis. “The Challenge of Reforming Nutritional Epidemiologic Research,” JAMA 320 (10)  (2018): 969.
 
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“causative for type 2 diabetes”

S. Basu et al. “The Relationship of Sugar to Population-Level Diabetes Prevalence: An Econometric Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data,” PLoS One 8 (2) (2013): e57873.
 

“before the intervention”

C.D. Gardner et al. “Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and Learn Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors among Overweight Premenopausal Women: The A to Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial,” JAMA 298  (2007): 969.
 
Page 60

“addiction medicine”

R.J. Sokol and K. Kunz.  “Training Future Physicians to Address Opioid Crisis,” American Association of Medical Colleges, Sept 19, 2017.
 
Page 62

“The headline”

E. Bordua-Roy.  “Low-Carb, High-Fat Is What We Physicians Eat. You Should, Too,” (HuffPost). Oct 4, 2017.