Chapter 13: Food in the time of Corona

Page 193

“We can’t make enough mac and cheese”

A. Elejande-Ruiz.  “‘We Can’t Make Enough Mac and Cheese’: Processed Food Is Undergoing a Renaissance as People Settle in for a Long Stretch of Cooking at Home.” Chicago Tribune, Apr 3, 2020.
 
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“people of color”

D.A. Chokshi and M.H. Katz. “Emerging Lessons from Covid-19 Response in New York City,” JAMA 323 (20)  (2020): 1996.
 

“the obese”

E.J. Williamson et al. “Factors associated with COVID-19 death using OpenSAFELY,” Nature 584 (7821) (2020): 430.
 

“those with the diseases of metabolic syndrome”

S. Richardson et al. “Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes among 5700 Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 in the New York City Area,” JAMA 323 (20) (2020): 2052.
 

“and diabetes in particular”

L. Zhu et al. “Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with Covid-19 and Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes,” Cell 31 (6) (2020): 1068.
 
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“respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)”

M.A. Matthay et al. “Treatment for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome from Covid-19,” Lancet Respir. Med. 8 (5)  (2020): 433.
 

“has affected young children in New York City”

R.M. Viner and E. Whittaker. “Kawasaki-Like Disease: Emerging Complication During the Covid-19 Pandemic,” Lancet 395 (10239) (2020): 1741.
 

“and Italy”

L. Verdoni et al. “An Outbreak of Severe Kawasaki-Like Disease at the Italian Epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic: An Observational Cohort Study,” Lancet 395 (10239) (2020): 1771.
 

“blood clots formed in the cytokine storm”

A.E. Cha.  “Young and Middle-Aged People, Barely Sick with Covid-19, Are Dying of Strokes.” Washington Post, Apr 25, 2020.
 

“angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)”

S.R. Bornstein et al. “Endocrine and Metabolic Link to Coronavirus Infection,” Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 16 (6)  (2020): 297.
 

“inducing insulin resistance”

E.J. Henriksen and M. Prasannarong. “The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle,” Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 378 (1-2)  (2013): 15.
 

“inducing insulin resistance”

T.T. Shi et al. “Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Regulates Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic β-Cells,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 495 (1)  (2018): 860.
 

“such as the kidney”

M. Riera et al. “Effect of Insulin on ACE2 Activity and Kidney Function in the Non-Obese Diabetic Mouse,” PLoS One 9 (1)  (2014): e84683.
 

“expression on cell membranes”

E.S. Salem et al. “Insulin Treatment Attenuates Renal ADAM17 and ACE2 Shedding in Diabetic Akita Mice,” Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 306 (6)  (2014): F629.
 

“expression on cell membranes”

H. Roca‐Ho et al. “Characterization of ACE and ACE2 Expression within Different Organs of the Non-Obese Diabetic Mouse,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 (3)  (2017): 563.
 
Page 196
“which is what actually kills you”
M. Li et al. “Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Immune and Endothelial Cells,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 831 (2018): 52.
 
“while fiber could reverse it”
G. Anderson and R.J. Reiter. “Melatonin: Roles in Influenza, Covid-19, and Other Viral Infections,” Rev. Med. Virol. 30 (3) (2020): e2109.
 
“cells to be infected”
A. Brufsky. “Hyperglycemia, Hydroxychloroquine, and the Covid‐19 Pandemic,” j. Med. Virol. 92 (7) (2020): 770.
 
“succumb to the infection”
W. Guan et al. “Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China,” N. Engl. J. Med. 382 (18) (2020): 1708.
 
“at all ages and BMI levels”
S.M. Haffner et al. “Increased Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion in Non-Diabetic African-Americans and Hispanics Compared with Non-Hispanic Whites: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study,” Diabetes 45 (6) (1996): 742.
 
“at all ages and BMI levels”
S.A. Arslanian et al. “Hyperinsulinemia in African-American Children. Decreased Insulin Clearance and Increased Insulin Secretion and Its Relationship to Insulin Sensitivity,” Diabetes 51 (10) (2002): 3014.
 
“resistant with high insulin levels”
F. Abbasi et al. “Discrimination between Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Relationship with Adiponectin,” Diabetes 53 (3)  (2004): 585.
 
“directly linked to the cytokine storm”
C.J. Andersen et al. “Impact of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Immunity,” Adv. Nutr. 7 (1)  (2018): 68.
 
“independent risk factor for death”
J.K. Louie et al. “A Novel Risk Factor for a Novel Virus: Obesity and 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1),” Clin. Infect. Dis. 52 (3) (2011): 301.
 
“more likely to end up hospitalized”
J. Lighter et al. “Obesity in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Is a Risk Factor for Covid-19 Hospital Admission,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 71 (15) (2020): 896.
 
“often resulting in obesity”
C.J. Nolan and M. Prentki. “Insulin Resistance and Insulin Hypersecretion in the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Time for a Conceptual Framework Shift,” Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 16 (2) (2019): 118.
 
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“maneuver for COVID-19 as well”

W.B. Grant et al. “Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and Covid-19 Infections and Deaths,” Nutrients 12 (4) (2020): E988.
 

“the world is consuming less sugar”

M. Jha and A. de Sousa. “Stuck at Home, the World Is Eating Less Sugar,” Bloomberg, June 13, 2020.
 
Page 198

“remain susceptible to infection”

S.D. Neidich et al. “Increased risk of influenza among vaccinated adults who are obese,” Int. J. Obes. 41 (9) (2017): 1324.